Untitled Page

Clostridium difficile: disease caused Hi Yield [ID 47]
"Difficult to be in a Closet with someone having explosive foul smelling diarrhea, because it would smell and there would be no air in
there.
Clostridium Difficile causes explosive foul smelling diarrhea and is an anaeorbe (no air).
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
E. coli: diseases caused in presence of virulence factors Hi Yield [ID 887]
DUNG:
Diarrhea
UTI
Neonatal meningitis
Gram negative sepsis
Dung, since contract E. coli from dung-contaminated water.
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
E. coli: major subtypes, key point of each Hi Yield [ID 2184]
"HIT by E. coli outbreak":
EnteroHemorrhagic:
HUS from Hamburgers
EnteroInvasive:
Immune-mediated Inflammation
EnteroToxigenic:
Traveller's diarrhea
Knowledge Level 1, System: Alimentary
Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Entameoba histolytica: disease caused, action Hi Yield [ID 46]
EntAmoeba causes Amoebic dysEntery.
Action: histo (cell) lytic (burst), so it bursts cells.
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Food poisoning: bugs inducing Hi Yield [ID 2695]
"Eating Contaminated Stuff Causes Very Big Smelly Vomit":
E. coli O157-H7 [undercooked meat, esp. hamburgers]
Clostridium botulinum [canned foods]
Salmonella [poultry, meat, eggs]
Vibrio parahaemolyticus [seafood]
Bacillus cereus [reheated rice]
Staphylococcus aureus [meats, mayo, custard]
Clostridium perfringens [reheated meat]
Vibrio vulnificus [seafood]
Knowledge Level 1, System: Alimentary
Joel Camilo Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Hepatitis: oral-fecal transmitted types Hi Yield [ID 1015]
"A$$ Eaters":
Types A and E by oral-fecal route.
Knowledge Level 4, System: Alimentary
Anonymous Contributor
Nematodes: ones spreading by egg ingestion [ID 2674]
"ATE eggs":
Ascaris Lumbricoides
Trichuris trichuira
Enterobius vermicularis
spread by ingestion of eggs (vs skin invasion or insect bite)
Knowledge Level 6, System: Alimentary
Leena Alexander Texas, USA
Vibrio: motility [ID 839]
"Vibrio Vibrates":
Vibrio is a genus of actively motile bacteria.
Knowledge Level 5, System: Alimentary
Anonymous Contributor
Endocarditis: causes of culture negative endocarditis [ID 1952]
"With Negative Tests, Investigators Should Focus Attention Somewhere Meaningful":
Wrong diagnosis
Noninfectious endocarditis
Timing (cultures drawn at end of chronic course)
obligate Intracellular organisms
Slow growing fastidious organisms
Fungal infection
Antibiotic used previously
Subacute right-sided endocarditis
Mural endocarditis
Knowledge Level 7, System: Cardiovascular
David Lucey University College Dublin
Endocarditis: indications for surgery [ID 1953]
PUS RIVER:
Prosthetic valve endocarditis (most cases)
Uncontrolled infection
Supporative local complications with conduction abnormalities
Resection of mycotic aneurysm
Ineffective antimicrobial therapy (eg Vs fungi)
Valvular damage (significant)
Embolization (repeated systemic)
Refractory congestive heart failure
Knowledge Level 5, System: Cardiovascular
David Lucey University College Dublin
Endocarditis: lab results suggesting it [ID 1951]
"High Tech Lab Results Point At Endocarditis":
Hematuria
Thrombocytopenia
Leukocytosis, -penia
Red blood cell casta
Proteinuria
Anemia
Elevated ESR
Knowledge Level 5, System: Cardiovascular
David Lucey University College Dublin
Psedomonas aeruginosa: features [ID 1999]
AERUGINOSA:
Aerobic
Exotoxin A
Rod/ Resistance
UTIs, burns, injuries
Green-blue dressings
Iron-containing lesions
Negative gram
Odor of grapes
Slime capsule sometimes (in CF pt)
Adherin pili
Knowledge Level 1, System: Integumental
Joyce Egbe
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: classic presentation [ID 856]
"Sore throat, Face bloat, Pi$$ coke":
Sore throat: 1 week ago
Face bloat: facial edema
Pi$$ coke: coke-coloured urine
Alternatively, short version: "Throat, bloat and coke".
Knowledge Level 4, System: Kidney/Urine
Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Kidney transplant virus [ID 623]
"Borrowed Kidney":
BK virus is associated with kidney transplants.
Knowledge Level 6, System: Kidney/Urine
Anonymous Contributor
Proteus: disease caused Hi Yield [ID 377]
Firstly, "PROTeus hates PROTons":
So what does it do to fight the protons? It has a urease that raises the pH.
Urea is in urine, so Proteus causes UTIs.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Kidney/Urine
James Meltzer MSII, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Pseudomonas details Hi Yield [ID 363]
See diagram of patient.
Patient: bug commonly infects nosocomial.
Oxygen tank: oxidase positive.
IV bag: has glucose and lactose, so its OK to give because its a nonlactose fermenter.
Why giving oxygen? Because it commonly caused pneumonia.
IV in the arm: supposed to signify sepsis.
The foley: UTI.
Burn on his foot: can infect burns.
Knowledge Level 2, System: Kidney/Urine
Anonymous Contributor
UTI-causing microorganisms Hi Yield [ID 1956]
KEEPS:
Klebsiella
Enterococcus faecalis/ Enterobacter cloacae
E. coli
Pseudomonas aeroginosa/ Proteus mirabilis
Staphylococcus saprophyticcus/ Serratia marcescens
Knowledge Level 2, System: Kidney/Urine
Kok Fai Kong University of Auckland
AIDS pathogens (T-cell suppression) worth knowing Hi Yield [ID 2261]
"The Major Pathogens Concerning Complete T-Cell Collapse":
Toxoplasma gondii
M. avium intracellulare
Pneumocystis carinii
Candida albicans
Cryptococcus neoformans
Tuberculosis
CMV
Cryptosporidium parvum
Knowledge Level 4, System: Lymphoid
Robert Brown UTHSCSA MS2
Capsulated microbes Hi Yield [ID 3213]
"Some Nasty Killers Have Some Capsule Protection":
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Klebsiella pnemoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Salmonella typhi
Cryptococcus neoformans
Pseudomanas aerigenosa
Knowledge Level 2, System: Lymphoid
Dr. Bijita Banerjee and Sabry Kamel University of Calcutta, West-Bengal, India and Not Specified
Endotoxin features [ID 638]
ENDOTOXIN:
Endothelial cells/ Edema
Negative (gram- bacteria)
DIC/ Death
Outer membrane
TNF
O-antigen
X-tremely heat stable
IL-1
Nitric oxide/ Neutrophil chemotaxis
Knowledge Level 3, System: Lymphoid
Rinku Uberoi UNIBE
HIV infection: high-risk groups [ID 1245]
HIV:
Homosexuals/ Hemophiliacs
IV drug abusers
Knowledge Level 1, System: Lymphoid
Anonymous Contributor
IgA protease-producing bacteria [ID 1337]
"Nice Strip of Ham":
Neisseria
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenza
Knowledge Level 7, System: Lymphoid
Marc Miller Sackler School of Medicine
Vaccines: types [ID 2251]
STARK:
Subunit
Toxoid
Attenuated [live]
Recombinant
Killed [inactivated]
Knowledge Level 1, System: Lymphoid
Anonymous Contributor
Tetanus: treatment for infection [ID 2311]
SAD RAT:
Sedation
Antitoxin
Debridement
Relaxant
Antibiotic
Tracheostomy
Knowledge Level 6, System: Muscle
Felix Fandi?ola West Visayas State University, Philippines
Meningitis: risk factors [ID 1954]
"Can Induce Severe Attacks Of Head PAINS":
Cancer
Immunocompromised state
Sinusitis
Age extremes
Otitis
Head trauma
Parameningeal infection
Alcoholism
Infections (systemic, esp. respiratory)
Neurosurgical procedures
Splenectomy
Knowledge Level 2, System: Nervous
David Lucey University College Dublin
Toxoplasma gondii: clinical features Hi Yield [ID 1031]
Cat reservoir: a cat.
Bug name is Gondii: cat has a Gandi head.
Cat fecal origin: cat is in the litter box.
Causes brain infection, diagnosed by CAT scan: a "CAT" scan of Gandi's brain.
Toxic to eyes: Gandi has cat eyes.
Lymph nodes enlarged: large nodes around neck.
Affects fetus: small kitten in womb.
AIDS patient commonly: cat is very skinny, like an AIDS patient.
See diagram.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Nervous
Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Toxoplasma gondii: manifestations Hi Yield [ID 2053]
"My Cat Eats Mice":
Mononucleosis-like illness
Chorioretinits/ Congenital infection
Encephalitis
Myocarditis
Knowledge Level 3, System: Nervous
Anonymous Contributor
Trypanosoma brucei: disease caused Hi Yield [ID 2120]
"I went on a TRYP to AFRICA":
TRYPanosoma brucei causes AFRICAn sleeping sickness.
Knowledge Level 2, System: Nervous
Anonymous Contributor
Capsulated bacteria Hi Yield [ID 2593]
"Some Bacteria Have An Effective Paste Surrounding Membrane Yielding Pseudo Fort, Bypassing Killing":
Strep pneumonia
Bacteroides
H. influenza
Anthrax (B. anthracis)
E. coli
Pasteurella
Salmonella
Menigitidis (N. Menigitidis)
Yersinia pestis
Pseudomonas
Francisella
Brucella
Klebsiella
Knowledge Level 3, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Michel Nawfal
Chlamydia: elementary vs. initial body location [ID 2100]
Elementary: Extracellular
Initial: Intracellular
Knowledge Level 2, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anonymous Contributor
Common cold: viral causes Hi Yield [ID 1731]
"Common cold (acute infectious rhinitis, coryza) is PRIMArily caused by":
Paramyxoviruses
Rhinoviruses
Influenza viruses
Myxoviruses
Adenoviruses
Knowledge Level 3, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anonymous Contributor
DNA viruses: morphology rule of thumb Hi Yield [ID 1608]
DNA:
Double-stranded
Nuclear replication
'Anhedral symmetry
Rule breakers: pox (cytoplasmic), parvo (single-stranded).
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Gram positive stain Hi Yield [ID 1668]
Gram Positives
Stain Purple (violet-blue)
because of their thick Peptidoglycan layer
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
JuP University of Washington
Gram staining: mechanism [ID 1160]
"Murein gets the red out" [Allusion to an old eye-wash slogan]:
Peptidoglycan (aka murein) remains purple during Gram staining. The Gram negatives, devoid of murein, are red.
Thus, murein prevents redness and are purple (positive).
Knowledge Level 4, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Caoimh?n P. Connell Industrial Hygienist
Gram+: bacterial cell wall Hi Yield [ID 840]
Gram+ has:
+hick pepidoglycan layer.
+eichoic acid in wall.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Gilvano Amorim Oliveira Universidade de santo Amaro- S?o Paulo Brasil.
Hemophilius: culture requirements Hi Yield [ID 1591]
Read Hemophilus as "HemoFive":
Needs Heme with Factors Five and Ten.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Dr. Atif Farooq Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan, Gujranwal
Listeria: motility [ID 845]
Istanbul sounds like Listambul = list + tumble.
Listeria has tumbling motility.
Knowledge Level 5, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Lior Greenberg Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
Neisseria: fermentation of N. gonorrhoeae vs. N. meningitidis Hi Yield [ID 1905]
Gonorrhoeae: Glucose fermenter only.
MeninGitidis: Maltose and Glucose fermenter.
Maltose fermentation is a useful property to know, since it's the classic test to distinguish the Neisseria types.
Knowledge Level 2, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anonymous Contributor
Obligate anaerobes: members worth knowing Hi Yield [ID 2199]
ABC:
Actinomyces
Bacteroides
Clostridium
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Sung Hoon Kim El Paso, TX
Picornavirus: features Hi Yield [ID 1849]
PICORNAvirus:
Positive sense
ICOsahedral
RNA virus
Knowledge Level 2, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Dr. Khawaja Atif Farooq Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan, Gujranwala
RNA enveloped viruses Hi Yield [ID 2177]
FORT ABC, Puerto Rico:
Flavivirus/ Filo
Orthomyxo
Retro
Toga
Arena
Bunya
Corona
Paramyxo
Rhabdo
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Sung Hoon Kim El Paso, TX
RNA viruses: negative stranded Hi Yield [ID 1940]
"Orthodox Rhabbi's Party Around Fine Bunnies":
Orthomyxo
Rhabdo
Paramyxo
Arena
Filo
Bunya
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Rodolfo Chirinos Universidad Central del Caribe, PR
RNA viruses: positive stranded Hi Yield [ID 1941]
"Pico Called Flavio To Return Renzo's Corona":
Picorna
Calici
Flavi
Toga
Retro
Reo
Corona
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Rodolfo Chirinos Universidad Central del Caribe, PR
Staphylococci: novobiocin test to distinguish coagulase negative staphylococci [ID 848]
Staph epidermidis stays away from the novobiocin disc like an epidemic.
Therefore, epidermidis is sensitive to novobiocin.
Staph saprophyticus, much friendlier, comes up to the disc and says, "'sap?'" [short for "whassup?", ie "what's up"].
Therefore, saprophyticus is novobiocin resistant.
Knowledge Level 5, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Lior Greenberg Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
Staphylococcus aureus: diseases caused Hi Yield [ID 1072]
SOFT PAINS:
Skin infections
Osteomyelitis
Food poisoning
Toxic shock syndrome
Pneumonia
Acute endocarditis
Infective arthritis
Necrotizing fasciitis
Sepsis
Knowledge Level 7, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Marc Miller Sackler School of Medicine
Streptococci: classification by hemolytic ability [ID 857]
Gamma: Garbage (no hemolytic activity).
Alpha: Almost (almost lyse, but incomplete).
Beta: Best (complete lysis).
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Streptococcus pyogenes: diseases caused Hi Yield [ID 1816]
NIPPLES:
Necrotising fasciitis and myositis
Impetigo
Pharyngitis
Pneumonia
Lymphangitis
Erysipelas and cellulitis
Scarlet fever/ Streptococcal TSS
Knowledge Level 2, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Dr. Harsh Sharma
Streptococcus pyogenes: virulence factors [ID 1640]
SMASHED:
Streptolysins
M protein
Anti-C5a peptidase
Streptokinase
Hyaluronidase
Exotoxin
DNAses
Knowledge Level 4, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anonymous Contributor
Streptococcus pyrogenes: antibody [ID 891]
SPAM:
Streptococcus Pyogenes: Antibody to M protein.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anonymous Contributor
Typhus: Epidemic Typhus: etiologic agent, vector [ID 2750]
ePidemic typhus:
Etiological agent: Rickettsia Prowazekii.
Vector: Pediculus corporis (human body louse).
This is in contrast to Endemic typhus.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Joel Camilo Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Urease positive organisms [ID 2235]
PUNCH:
Proteus (leads to alkaline urine)
Ureaplasma (renal calculi)
Nocardia
Cryptoccocus (the fungus)
Helicobacter pylori
Knowledge Level 8, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Dr. Enrique Cifuentes Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara
Influenza infection: clinical manifestations Hi Yield [ID 1955]
"Having Flu Symptoms Can Make Moaning Children A Nightmare":
Headache
Fever
Sore throat
Chills
Myalgias
Malaise
Cough
Anorexia
Nasal congestion
Knowledge Level 2, System: Pulmonary
David Lucey University College Dublin
Klebsiella details Hi Yield [ID 362]
You tell the patient: "Get UPS you fat alcoholic":
UTI
Pneumonia
Sepsis
Fat capsule
Get up=nonmotile since no flagella.
Alcoholic=commonly seen in alcoholic and nosocomial patients.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Pulmonary
Anonymous Contributor
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: culture identification Hi Yield [ID 668]
"Rough, Tough, Buff":
Rough: colony isn't smooth but rough like breadcrumbs.
Tough: colony stuck to plate well, and tough to remove.
Buff: buff is a color, a cream/coffee shade.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Pulmonary
Anonymous Contributor
Pneumonia: acute pneumonia infiltrates from different causes [ID 145]
"Pyrogenic=PMN, Miscellaneous=Mononuclear":
Acute pneumonia caused by Pyogenic bacteria: PMN infiltrate.
Acute pneumonia caused by Miscellaneous microbes: Mononuclear infiltrate.
Knowledge Level 6, System: Pulmonary
Anonymous Contributor
Streptococci: Quellung reaction: positive sign, Strep type confirmed Hi Yield [ID 859]
"Quell-lung":
Quell: Capsules swell [+ve test].
Lung: S. pnuemonia [type confirmed].
You get pneumonia in your lung.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Pulmonary
Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Gardnerella and Vaginalis vaginal infection diagnosis [ID 586]
"Take a whiff and get a clue for fishy bacteria":
Smells like fish (whiff test); clue cells seen under microscope.
Gardnerella= Gram negative.
Vaginalis= Variable.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Reproductive
Rinku S Uberoi UNIBE
Placenta-crossing organisms/ antenatal Infections [ID 2471]
STARCH:
Syphilis
Toxoplasmosis
AIDS (HIV)
Rubella
CMV
Herpes/ Hepatitis
Knowledge Level 1, System: Reproductive
Anonymous Contributor
Teratogens: placenta-crossing organisms Hi Yield [ID 2182]
ToRCHeS:
Toxoplasma
Rubella
CMV
Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster (varicella), Hepatitis B,C,E
Syphilis
Alternatively: TORCHES: with Others (parvo, listeria), add HIV to H's, Enteroviruses.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Reproductive
Andrew J. Vasil UMD School of Medicine, Duluth, MN
Trichomaniasis: features Hi Yield [ID 2631]
5 F's:
Flagella
Frothy discharge
Fishy odor (sometimes)
Fornication (STD)
Flagyl (metronidazole) Rx
Knowledge Level 4, System: Reproductive
Rinku Uberoi